The immune system is the set of mechanisms that our body has to defend itself against foreign agents such as viruses, bacteria and fungi. A LYMPHOCYTARY PANEL is a blood test that allows us to evaluate how the immune system is working. This test allows us to measure the number and ratio of different types of white blood cells (lymphocytes) in the blood, which are responsible for fighting infection. 

What does the lymphocyte panel that we propose measure?

• CD3 lymphocytes They are a subgroup of T lymphocytes that are responsible for the cellular immune response. These lymphocytes recognize specific antigens and activate other cells of the immune system to fight infected or cancer cells. 

• CD4 lymphocytes They are a subgroup of T4 lymphocytes, also known as T helper lymphocytes, which help activate and regulate the immune response. They are essential for the adaptive immune response and play an important role in immunity against viral infections. 

• CD8 lymphocytes are a subgroup of T8 lymphocytes, also known as cytotoxic T lymphocytes, that have the ability to kill infected or cancer cells. 

• The CD4/CD8 ratio provides information about the relationship between these two subsets of lymphocytes. A low ratio may indicate an infection or an autoimmune disorder, while a high ratio may indicate an opportunistic infection or an overactive immune response. 

• CD19 lymphocytes They are a subgroup of B lymphocytes, which are responsible for the humoral immune response. These lymphocytes produce specific antibodies to fight bacteria and viruses. 

• true NK cells They are a subgroup of natural killer (NK) lymphocytes, which play an important role in the innate immune response. These lymphocytes are capable of destroying infected or cancer cells without the need for prior signalling. 

• Activated T8 lymphocytes They are a subgroup of T8 lymphocytes that are activated to fight infected or cancer cells. The measurement of these lymphocytes provides information about the ability of the immune system to respond to infection or cancer. 

• B lymphocytes (CD19+CD5+) they do not provide information at all about the number of B lymphocytes present in the blood, which is useful for assessing the function of the humoral immune response. 

• Activated T lymphocytes (CD3/DR) they provide information about the number of activated T lymphocytes in the blood, which is useful for assessing the cellular immune response. 

• T4 helper lymphocytes (CD4+CD29+) they do not provide information at all about the number of T4 helper lymphocytes present in the blood, which is useful for assessing the function of the adaptive immune response. 

• Naive (naive) T4 lymphocytes co-express CD4CD45RA provide information about the number and characteristics of naive T4 lymphocytes, which are necessary for an effective immune response 

• CD8+ CD57 cytotoxic T lymphocytes– provide information about the number and characteristics of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which are necessary to destroy infected or cancer cells. 
• CD4 helper T lymphocytes (CD4+CD29+) They provide information on the number and characteristics of CD4 helper T lymphocytes, which are necessary to activate and regulate the immune response. 

• Senescent CD8+ CD57 T8 lymphocytes+ provide information about the number of senescent T8 lymphocytes, which are less effective in killing infected or cancer cells. 

• LGL type T lymphocytes (NKT CD3+ CD56+) provide information about the number and characteristics of LGL-type T lymphocytes, which are a specific subgroup of T lymphocytes with characteristics similar to those of NK lymphocytes Total TREGs lymphocytes (CD4+CD25+CD127lo) They provide information about the number and characteristics of regulatory lymphocytes, which are necessary to regulate the immune response and prevent autoimmune responses.

• Viral infections: Viral infections can cause an increase in the number of lymphocytes in the blood, especially T and B lymphocytes. 

• Bacterial infections: bacterial infections can cause an increase in the number of lymphocytes in the blood, especially B lymphocytes. 

• Autoimmune disorders: such as rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, among other autoimmune pathologies, can cause an increase or decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the blood, depending on the disorder. 

• Leukemias: Leukemias are a group of cancers that affect lymphocytes and can cause an increase in the number of lymphocytes in the blood. Lymphoproliferative disorders: such as lymphoma, multiple myeloma, among other lymphoproliferative pathologies, can cause an increase in the number of lymphocytes in the blood. 

Where can this test be done?

The extended study of the immunophenotype is available throughout Spain. Buy this test on the Enevia Health website and save money. 

What type of sample is required?

The analysis is done with a venous blood sample Enevia Health Neurodevelopmental members have a discounted price to do this test 

Test price?

118 euro

If you are interested in buying this test, send an email to info@eneviahealth.com and we will tell you how to proceed. 

Below, we summarize the content of some studies that suggest a relationship between alterations of the immune system and autism: 

1. Study «Autoantibodies to brain in sera of children with autism» published in 2011 by the team of Dr. Robert Naviaux. This study looked at brain antibody levels in children with autism. The results suggested that children with autism might have an autoimmune response against the brain, which could contribute to the development of the disorder. 

link: https://naviauxlab.ucsd.edu/science-item/autism-research/

2. Study «Alterations in innate immune response in children with autism spectrum disorders» published in 2013 by the team of Dr. Andrew Zimmerman. This study looked at the levels of certain immune system cells in children with autism. The results suggested that children with autism might have abnormally high levels of certain immune cells, which could contribute to the pathology. 

link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5143489/

3. Study «Immune dysregulation in children with autism spectrum disorders» published in 2014 by the team of Dr. Andrew Zimmerman. This study looked at the levels of certain immune system cells in children with autism. The results suggested that children with autism could have abnormal levels of T, B, and NK lymphocytes, and that these could be the cause of the pathology. Study «Elevated immune response in the brain of children with autism» published in 2015 by the team of Dr. Paul Ashwood. This study looked at the levels of certain inflammatory markers in children with autism. The results suggested that children with autism might have abnormally high levels of certain inflammatory markers, which could contribute to the pathology.

link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8955336/

4. Study «Elevated immune response in the brain of children with autism» published in 2017 by the team of Dr. Paul Ashwood. This study looked at the levels of certain inflammatory markers in children with autism. The results suggested that children with autism might have abnormally high levels of certain inflammatory markers, which could contribute to the pathology.

link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2770268/

📌 You will find more scientific information on the different Enevia Health platforms. 

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#autism #neurodevelopment #infant neurodevelopment 1TP4Infant tautism